Bethe stopping-power formula and its corrections

نویسندگان

چکیده

The classical and quantum theories leading to the asymptotic Bethe formula of stopping power matter for charged particles heavier than electron are briefly reviewed. Models approximations practical calculation various corrections that extend validity range described. associated shell correction were determined previously from an extensive database atomic generalized oscillator strengths, calculated independent-electron model with Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater (DHFS) self-consistent potential, due account relativistic departures sum rule. nonrelativistic Bloch is extended domain by means Lindhard-S\o{}rensen formulation, accurate parametrization point projectiles small charges proposed. density-effect Barkas obtained a semiempirical optical strength (OOS), built DHFS contributions inner subshells plus OOS outer-shell electrons represented analytical expression, which composition, mass density, empirical mean excitation energy, or $I$ value material. Inclusion shell, density-effect, Lindhard-S\o{}rensen, into leads corrected formula. A general strategy proposed determine in terms only It shown that, values recommended Report 37 International Commission on Radiation Units Measurements, powers numerically close agreement available measurements elemental materials protons alpha energies higher 0.75 5 MeV, respectively.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Physical review

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['0556-2813', '1538-4497', '1089-490X']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.106.032809